THE DRP RESEARCH PROGRAMME

The geometry of
market memory.

Measuring how markets remain in stress, recover, and change—through the geometry of return distributions.

A research series on Wasserstein coordinates, real-time monitoring, and the limits of predictive information.

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01 / DISTRIBUTIONAL GEOMETRYW₁
Calm and stress return distributionsConceptual illustration of a narrow calm distribution and a broader stress distribution. It is not empirical data.CalmStressRETURN DISTRIBUTIONr
Calm prototypeStress prototype
Locate the distribution. Measure its persistence.
Conceptual illustration · no empirical observations
THE CENTRAL DISTINCTION

Measuring a market state does not establish the ability to forecast it.

THE RESEARCH

Papers & findings

From a geometric measure of persistence
to tests of where its information travels.

01FOUNDATIONS
DRP 1Fuli Yang

Distributional Regime Persistence

Geometric Market Memory and Its Forecasting Limits

Distributional persistence captures realized market stress and model disagreement; incremental volatility-forecast gains are not stable.

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Rolling empirical return distributions are located between low- and high-volatility Wasserstein prototypes. The resulting recovery times and cumulative excess memory are compared with an ordered, variance-targeted Markov-switching GJR-GARCH model across the S&P 500, FTSE 100, Nikkei 225, and Hang Seng.

Raw persistence is strongly scale-related. The S&P 500 COVID episode supplies the strongest evidence of a positive distribution-lagging recovery gap. Strictly real-time evaluation, however, finds no stable incremental forecasting gain after multi-horizon volatility history is observed.

SSRN PREPRINTRead on SSRN Measurement · Model diagnostics
02MONITORING
DRP 2Fuli Yang & Tingting Qiu

Real-Time Distributional Regime Monitoring

Online Wasserstein Detection of Market Stress

An online distribution-sensitive coordinate complements conventional volatility monitors, with limited evidence for future-volatility prediction.

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A strictly prior-information Wasserstein score compares current return distributions with recursively updated calm and stress barycenters. Detection thresholds are calibrated before 2007 and then frozen.

Across seven episodes and four markets, raw DRP detects 21 of 28 market–event cases, compared with 15 for 22-day realized volatility. The paired advantage does not survive Holm correction. Controlled variance-matched shape shifts show why distribution-sensitive monitoring can remain useful even without universal forecasting gains.

WORKING PAPERAuthor’s SSRN papers Sequential detection · Market stress
05TAIL INFORMATION
DRP 5Fuli Yang

Geometric Stress Coordinates Are Not Universal Tail Predictors

Soft Distributional Routing across Equity Markets

Tail-state information is local: its forecasting value depends on the volatility filter, market, and estimation memory.

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Frozen distributional-regime thresholds softly route observations between calm and stress empirical Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall experts. Evaluation compares realized-volatility, EWMA, and frozen-GARCH scale filters using joint VaR–ES loss and calibration diagnostics.

Broad directional gains under realized-volatility scaling weaken under alternative filters. Rolling estimation reverses some S&P 500 gains, while dynamic-quantile failures persist. The prespecified criterion for universal forecast content is not met.

WORKING PAPERAuthor’s SSRN papers Value-at-Risk · Expected Shortfall
06PORTABILITY
DRP 6Fuli Yang

Conditional Portability of Geometric Stress Coordinates

A Frozen Eight-Market Test of Geometric Tail Routing

Universal portability fails. Limited European evidence depends on realized-volatility scaling and the assumed cross-market heterogeneity.

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A frozen external-validation design evaluates eight equity markets across three scale filters, three tail probabilities, and four memory rules. The primary comparison is the FZ0 loss difference between Soft-DRP and matched filtered historical simulation.

No configuration passes the universal portability gate. Five European cells pass conditional gates under the prespecified hierarchical model, but the positive result does not survive conservative wider-heterogeneity stress tests. Absolute calibration remains weak. The defensible conclusion is a boundary on portability.

SSRN PREPRINTRead on SSRN External validation · Heterogeneity
07RECALIBRATION
DRP 7Research in progress

Recalibration Without Retrofitting

Geometric Drift Triggers for Wasserstein Market Coordinates

The locked confirmation run does not support universal trigger-based recalibration: neither primary hypothesis gate passes.

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The study asks whether outcome-blind geometric drift anticipates deterioration in static-coordinate tail forecasts and can guide recalibration. A separate locked eight-market panel tests geometric aging and triggered-versus-static FZ0 loss.

In the recorded formal run, the geometric-aging slope is not statistically resolved and triggered recalibration improves none of the eight markets. The dynamic-quantile guardrail passes, but cannot override the failed primary gates. The result supports a diagnostic boundary rather than a universal recalibration claim.

Based on the formal result summary dated 31 August 2026. Manuscript development is ongoing.

RESULTS RECORDEDCoordinate drift · Recalibration

Selected papers in the DRP programme. Original series identifiers are retained; the sequence shown here is not a complete numbered bibliography.

A COMMON FRAMEWORK

Three questions. Separate claims.

I.

What does geometry measure?

Compare entire return distributions with calm and stress prototypes. Separate scale from residual shape, and measure persistence and recovery.

STATE MEASUREMENT
II.

What information does it add?

Evaluate monitoring and forecasting separately. Test incremental content against volatility benchmarks, with real-time information constraints.

INCREMENTAL INFORMATION
III.

Where does the result hold?

Freeze the design before external validation. Examine market, filter, and memory dependence, and keep conclusions within the evidence.

VALIDITY BOUNDARIES

ABOUT THE RESEARCH

Fuli Yang

GARCH Institute
Harvard Square, Cambridge, MA

The DRP programme studies financial market memory through distributional geometry. Its focus is measurement, estimator design, and model diagnostics, with explicit tests of the limits of forecasting and cross-market transport.

Real-Time Distributional Regime Monitoring is co-authored with Tingting Qiu.